"The Dynamics of Inequality in the Best and Worst of Times, Bolivia 1997-2007"
George Gray Molina and Ernesto Yañez

This paper focuses on the dynamics of inequality in Bolivia between 1997 and 2007. During this period, moderate poverty declined by 3 percentage points (from 63% to 60%) and extreme poverty declined half a percentage point (from 38% to 37%). Despite the modest improvement, the absolute number of the poor increased by 970,000, at an average rate of about 100,000 new poor every year.

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"Cambios en la desigualdad del ingreso en América Latina. Contribución de sus principales determinantes. (1995-2006)"
CEDLAS

En general, las economías de América Latina se han caracterizado por presentar altos niveles de desigualdad del ingreso respecto a otros países. No obstante, si bien tanto los niveles como las trayectorias de la desigualdad entre los países latinoamericanos han sido dispares, desde principios de 2000 han asistido a un proceso de reducción de la desigualdad.

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"Markets, the State and the Dynamics of Inequality: Brazil´s Case Study"
Ricardo Barros, Mirela de Carvalho, Samuel Franco and Rosane Mendonça

In this study we seek to estimate the contribution of key aspects of Brazilian public policy and labor market performance in reducing income inequality. We focus on four main aspects: 1) government transfers, 2) earnings differentials per educational level, 3) spatial and sector labor market integration, and 4) minimum wage.

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"Growth and Equity in the Dominican Republic: The Role of the Market and the State in an Economy with Unequal Growing Prosperity"
Omar S. Arias and Rolando M. Guzmán

The Dominican Republic has experienced one of the strongest growth performances of the last two decades in the LAC region. However, poverty and inequality have not declined, and the growing prosperity has been shared unevenly among the population. Income inequality remained unchanged over the last 7 years at the average for the countries in Latin America and the Caribbean.

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"Inequality in Post-Structural Reform Peru: The Role of Market and Policy Forces"
Miguel Jaramillo and Jaime Saavedra

In this paper, we analyze trends in inequality and characterized them, focusing on the post-structural reform period (1997-2006). Next, we identify the immediate factors influencing these trends, and link them to underlying forces associated with the market, and state policies.

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"The Dynamics of Inequality in Spain"
José Fernández-Albertos

The paper has two main objectives. The first is to provide a comprehensive picture of the evolution of inequality during the economic expansion of Spain in the second half of the 20th century. The second is to study the determinants of the evolution of inequality over time.

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"Markets and the Dynamics of Inequality: Theoretical Perspectives"
Jaime Kahhat

In its 2006 World Development Report the World Bank argues that there are two broad sets of reasons to believe that inequality can be detrimental to long-run growth and development.

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"The Political Economy of Redistributive Policies"
James A. Robinson

Many factors influence the distribution of assets and income that a market economy will generate. These include the distribution of innate abilities, the nature of technology, and the types of market imperfections which determine investment opportunities and the distribution of human and physical capital.

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"Dynamics of Inequality in Guatemala"
Lucilla Bruni, Alberto Fuentes and Tomás Rosada

Between 2000 and 2006, Guatemala achieved some, though modest, improvement in terms of inequality and poverty. We find evidence that those improvements did not benefit the poorest; rather, they benefited individuals in the middle ange of the distribution.

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"Redistributive Constraints under High Inequality: The Case of Mexico"
John Scott

The paper presents a comprehensive analysis and interpretation of redistributive spending in Mexico. It reviews the evolution over the last two decades of the principal redistributive instruments and the distributive outcomes targeted by these instruments (income, land, education, health, nutrition).

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